The Business Cycle

The term business cycle1, also known economic cycle, refers to economy-wide fluctuations in production or economic activity over several months or years.
These fluctuations occur around a long-term growth trend, and typically involve shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid economic growth (an expansion or boom), and periods of relative stagnation or decline (a contraction or recession).
The business cycle is a permanent feature of market economies.
Business cycles are usually measured by considering the growth rate of real gross domestic product. Gross domestic product is the total market value of all the goods and services produced in a country during a given period.
Despite being termed cycles, these fluctuations in economic activity do not follow a mechanical or predictable periodic pattern.